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Nicotine & Tobacco Research Advance Access originally published online on June 18, 2009
Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2009 11(8):985-995; doi:10.1093/ntr/ntp101
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Feasibility of an exercise counseling intervention for depressed women smokers

Kristin S. Vickers, Christi A. Patten, Beth A. Lewis, Matthew M. Clark, Michael Ussher, Jon O. Ebbert, Ivana T. Croghan, Paul A. Decker, Julie Hathaway, Bess H. Marcus and Richard D. Hurt

Kristin S. Vickers, Ph.D., L.P., Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN
Christi A. Patten, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN
Beth A. Lewis, Ph.D., School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
Matthew M. Clark, Ph.D., L.P., Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN
Michael Ussher, Ph.D., Department of Community Health Sciences, St. George’s, University of London, United Kingdom
Jon O. Ebbert, M.D., Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN
Ivana T. Croghan, Ph.D., Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN
Paul A. Decker, M.S., Department of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN
Julie C. Hathaway, M.S., Section of Patient Education, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN
Bess H. Marcus, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI
Richard D. Hurt, M.D., Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN

Corresponding Author: Kristin S. Vickers, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 First Street South West, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Telephone: 507-255-6782; Fax: 507-284-3933; E-mail: vickersdouglas.kristin{at}mayo.edu


  Abstract

Introduction: Depressive symptoms negatively impact smoking abstinence. However, few interventions have been targeted to smokers with current depression. Exercise improves mood and may benefit depressed smokers. This pilot study investigated the feasibility of an exercise intervention for depressed female smokers (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale [CES-D] score ≥16).

Methods: Participants (M = 41 years, 98% White) were randomized to 10 weeks of individually delivered exercise counseling (n = 30) or a health education contact control condition (n = 30). All participants received nicotine patch therapy and behavioral counseling for smoking cessation.

Results: The intervention was feasible as indicated by ability to recruit participants, exercise counseling session attendance (M = 7.6 of 10 sessions attended), and significant increase in exercise frequency and stage of change from baseline to end of treatment (EOT) (Week 10). Participant attrition rate was 35% by Week 10 but did not differ significantly between groups. Smoking abstinence rates at Week 10, using intention-to-treat analysis, were 17% for exercise counseling participants and 23% for health education participants (p = .75).

Discussion: An exercise counseling intervention was found to be feasible for depressed women smokers. More intensive intervention may be needed to increase smoking abstinence rates, and methods should be refined to reduce participant burden and attrition.

Received: September 9, 2008; Accepted: March 27, 2009
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