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Nicotine & Tobacco Research Advance Access originally published online on July 29, 2009
Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2009 11(9):1099-1106; doi:10.1093/ntr/ntp107
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Impact of the Spanish smoking law in smoker hospitality workers

Jose M. Martínez-Sánchez, Esteve Fernández, Marcela Fu, Mónica Pérez-Ríos, María J. López, Carles Ariza, José A. Pascual, Anna Schiaffino, Raúl Pérez-Ortuño, Esteve Saltó and Manel Nebot

Jose M. Martínez-Sánchez, B.Sc., M.P.H., Tobacco Research & Control Unit, Institut Català d’Oncologia-IDIBELL, and Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Campus of Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
Esteve Fernández, M.D., Ph.D., Tobacco Research & Control Unit, Institut Català d’Oncologia-IDIBELL, and Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Campus of Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
Marcela Fu, B.Sc., Tobacco Research & Control Unit, Institut Català d’Oncologia-IDIBELL, and Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Campus of Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
Mónica Pérez-Ríos, B.Pharm., M.P.H., Ph.D., Dirección General de Salud Pública, Xunta de Galicia, Department of Public Health, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain
María J. López, B.Sc., Ph.D. Evaluation and Intervention Methods Unit, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, and CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain
Carles Ariza, M.D., Ph.D., Evaluation and Intervention Methods Unit, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, and CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain
José A. Pascual, B.Sc., Ph.D., Bioanalysis Research Group, Neuropsychopharmacology Programme, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain, and Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
Anna Schiaffino, B.Sc., M.P.H., Ajuntament de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
Raúl Pérez-Ortuño, B.Sc., Bioanalysis Research Group, Neuropsychopharmacology Programme, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
Esteve Saltó, M.D., M.P.H., Department of Health, Generalitat de Catalunya, and Department of Public Health, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Manel Nebot, M.D., Ph.D., Evaluation and Intervention Methods Unit, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain, and Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain

Corresponding Author: Esteve Fernández, M.D., Ph.D., Tobacco Research & Control Unit, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Av Gran Via de L’Hospitalet 199-203, E-08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. Telephone: +34-93-260-77-88; Fax: +34-93-260-79-56; E-mail: efernandez{at}ico.scs.es


  Abstract

Introduction: A smoke-free law went into effect in Spain on 1 January 2006, affecting all enclosed workplaces except hospitality venues, where only partial bans were implemented. The objective was to evaluate the impact of the law among hospitality workers who smoke.

Methods: The study design is a before-and-after evaluation. We formed a cohort at baseline, during the 3 months before the law went into effect, with 431 hospitality workers (222 smokers). From them, 288 were successfully followed-up 12 months after the ban (118 were smokers at baseline). We analyzed the quit rate, the reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked per day, changes in the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scores, and changes in salivary cotinine concentrations in smokers from baseline to 1 year after the ban.

Results: Among 118 smokers, six (5.1%) quit smoking. Among the 112 remaining smokers, the mean number of cigarettes smoked decreased by 8.9% after the ban (from 17.9 to 16.3 cigarettes/day, p < .01). The proportion of workers with a high nicotine dependence (FTND score >6) was reduced by half after the ban (19.5% vs. 9.7%, p = .03). Salivary cotinine decreased by 4.4% after the ban (geometric mean 104.3 vs. 99.7 ng/ml, p = .02). No meaningful differences were found in quit rates and the FTND scores according to type of regulation.

Discussion: The Spanish smoking law has had beneficial effects (reduction in number of cigarettes smoked, cotinine levels, and FTND score) among hospitality workers who smoke.

Received: February 11, 2009; Accepted: April 22, 2009
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