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Nicotine & Tobacco Research Advance Access originally published online on April 8, 2009
Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2009 11(4):427-432; doi:10.1093/ntr/ntp029
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Feasibility of a telephone-based intervention for support persons to help smokers quit: A pilot study

Christi A. Patten, Larra R. Petersen, Christine A. Hughes, Jon O. Ebbert, Sarah Morgenthaler Bonnema, Tabetha A. Brockman, Paul A. Decker, Kari J. Anderson, Kenneth P. Offord, Jeannie Boness, Karin Pyan and Carmen Beddow

Christi A. Patten, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry and Psychology and Behavioral Health Research Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
Larra R. Petersen, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry and Psychology and Behavioral Health Research Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
Christine A. Hughes, B.S., Department of Psychiatry and Psychology and Behavioral Health Research Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
Jon O. Ebbert, M.D., Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
Sarah Morganthaler Bonnema, B.S., Department of Psychiatry and Psychology and Behavioral Health Research Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
Tabetha A. Brockman, M.S., Department of Psychiatry and Psychology and Behavioral Health Research Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
Paul A. Decker, M.S., Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN
Kari J. Anderson, M.S., Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN
Kenneth P. Offord, M.S., Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN
Jeannie Boness, R.N., Mayo Clinic Tobacco Quitline, Mayo Support Center North 3, Rochester, MN
Karin Pyan, M.S., Mayo Clinic Tobacco Quitline, Mayo Support Center North 3, Rochester, MN
Carmen Beddow, M.S., Mayo Clinic Tobacco Quitline, Mayo Support Center North 3, Rochester, MN

Corresponding Author: Christi A. Patten, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry and Psychology and Behavioral Health Research Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Charlton 6-273, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Telephone: 507-538-7370; Fax: 507-266-2478; E-mail: patten.christi{at}mayo.edu


  Abstract

Background: Nonsmokers have a potentially supportive role in tobacco cessation efforts. The present study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of a telephone-based intervention for nonsmoking support persons.

Methods: A total of 59 support persons (mean age = 36 years, 92% female, 95% White) were randomly assigned to a control condition (N = 30; written materials only) or to a social cognitive theory–based intervention (N = 29; written materials and 5 weekly, 20- to 30-min telephone counseling sessions). Both support persons and smokers completed assessments separately by mail at baseline and at weeks 6 (end of treatment) and 26.

Results: Two thirds of the smokers reported low–moderate levels of motivation to quit at baseline as assessed by the contemplation ladder. Study retention rates were excellent, with 95% of both support persons and smokers completing the week 26 assessment. Moreover, 86% of support persons in the intervention group completed all five telephone sessions. Treatment acceptability was high for both support persons and smokers. Compared with the control condition, the intervention was associated with a significant increase in support person self-efficacy to help their smoker (p = .034) and outcome expectancies (p = .025) from baseline to week 6. However, the intervention was not associated with higher smoking abstinence rates or quit attempts.

Discussion: The program was successful in reaching smokers with lower levels of readiness to quit. The intervention was feasible and acceptable to both support persons and smokers. Although support persons and smokers can be engaged in this type of outreach program, refinements in the intervention approach are needed to improve the smoking outcomes.

Received: February 1, 2008; Accepted: September 9, 2008

Present address: Larra R. Petersen, Ph.D., The Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE

Sarah M. Bonnema, B.S., University of South Florida, Tampa, FL

Jeannie Boness, R.N., Quality Management Services, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN


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