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Nicotine & Tobacco Research Advance Access originally published online on September 30, 2009
Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2009 11(11):1339-1346; doi:10.1093/ntr/ntp143
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Cognitive barriers to calling a smoking quitline

Laura J. Solomon, John R. Hughes, Amy Livingston, Shelly Naud, Peter W. Callas, Erica N. Peters, Jody Kamon and Jean-Francois Etter

Laura J. Solomon, Ph.D., Health Promotion Research, University of Vermont, Burlington
John R. Hughes, M.D., Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington
Amy Livingston, B.A., Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington
Shelly Naud, Ph.D., Department of Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington
Peter W. Callas, Ph.D., Department of Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington
Erica N. Peters, B.A., Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington
Jody Kamon, Ph.D., New England Institute of Addiction Studies, Burlington, Vermont
Jean-Francois Etter, Ph.D., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland

Corresponding Author: Laura J. Solomon, Ph.D., Health Promotion Research, University of Vermont, 429 AR4, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401-3444, USA. Telephone: 802-656-4059; Fax: 802-656-8826; E-mail: laura.solomon{at}uvm.edu


  Abstract

Introduction: This study examined cognitive barriers that might prevent cigarette smokers who are interested in quitting from calling a smoking quitline.

Methods: Using qualitative and quantitative methods, we developed a 53-item inventory of possible cognitive barriers to quitline access. A total of 641 daily smokers who reported high intentions to stop smoking in the next 30 days completed this inventory and were then prompted to call a toll-free smoking quitline (800-QUIT NOW) on 3 occasions. Two months later, they completed a follow-up phone interview to assess use of the quitline, quit attempts, and smoking status.

Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the barrier items revealed a 5-factor solution: stigma, low appraisal of the service, no need for assistance, poor fit with the service, and privacy concerns. Endorsements of barrier factors were generally low. Although several barrier factor scores predicted concurrent intentions to call a quitline in the near future, none prospectively predicted calling the quitline by 2-month follow-up.

Discussion: Cognitive barriers to use of quitlines remain elusive.

Received: December 23, 2008; Accepted: July 29, 2009
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